El TEA se manifesta de forma distinta en cada persona.
Así, por ejemplo, algunos individuos pueden presentar una discapacidad intelectual asociada, mientras que otros tendrán capacidades intelectuales situadas en el rango medio de la población o, incluso, superiores al mismo.
Este matiz es importante porque es uno de los aspectos de los que depende que en unas familias con algún miembro con TEA la cuarentena se esté viviendo de manera más natural y llevadera que en otras.
«Si tienen limitadas las capacidades cognitivas les puede afectar mucho más, al no poder entender y racionalizar la situación, algo que necesitan todas las personas para adaptarse a circunstancias nuevas, imprevistas o desconocidas», señala la doctora Mara Parellada, psiquiatra especialista en TEA de la Sociedad Española de Psiquiatría (SEP).
De hecho, el confinamiento puede provocar alteraciones conductuales en algunas personas con autismo: aumenta sus niveles de estrés y ansiedad y dificulta su autoregulación, lo que puede motivar comportamientos negativistas, desafiantes o que pongan en riesgo su integridad física o la de aquellos que le acompañan.
También es posible que sufran un agravamiento de su condiciones comórbidas de salud mental que influyen en su bienestar emocional y les puede afectar mucho carecer de la atención pedagógicaque tienen habitualmente, a veces muy especializada y exigente.
«Los padres pueden no ser las personas idóneas para proveer esa atención de forma permanente y con las competencias profesionales específicas», indica Parellada.
Para intentar evitar que esto ocurra, la principal recomendación es establecer una rutina diaria que se mantenga de la forma más regular posible y que se adapte a las capacidades, dificultades, fortalezas, gustos y motivaciones de cada persona con TEA. Eso «le ayudará a tener claro qué tiene que hacer durante el día, qué se espera de ella, cuándo van a pasar las cosas y si va a tener tiempo para dedicarse a las actividades que le interesan», expresa Vidriales.
Por otro lado, es aconsejable buscar un equilibrio entre las actividades terapéuticas y las de ocio y disfrute.
«Los terapeutas, de forma remota pueden ser muy útiles, sobre todo si conocen al paciente, en ayudar a establecer las rutinas adecuadas para cada persona, los materiales necesarios para llevarlas a cabo, y el seguimiento de su implementación con los cuidadores», agrega la doctora Parellada.
Salir a la calle
La normativa aprobada el pasado 20 de marzo por el ministerio de Sanidad que habilita «a las personas con discapacidad, que tengan alteraciones conductuales, como por ejemplo personas con diagnóstico de espectro autista (…), y a un acompañante a circular por las vías de uso público», ha marcado una diferencia importante en la vida de muchas personas de este colectivo desde que está en vigor.
Así lo consideran desde Autismo España, donde recuerdan que, para las personas con autismo, salir a pasear es «una verdadera necesidad y no un capricho».
No obstante, ya se han dado casos de acoso a padres de menores con TEA por estar en la calle con sus hijos.
La doctora Parellada opina, sin embargo, que, si bien en algunos casos salir al exterior puede desactivar una situación de descontrol inmanejable o ayudar a prevenirla, en la Unidad de atención médica a personas con autismo que ella coordina no son partidarios de que las personas con TEA salgan a la calle de forma sistemática.
«Exponerse al virus aumenta el riesgo de contagio y el aislamiento necesario si hay contagio es mucho más exigente y difícil que el confinamiento.
Por eso, nosotros intentamos dar herramientas a las familias para que recurran a ello únicamente cuando no haya otra alternativa».
La experta también reflexiona sobre el fin de la cuarentena, que supondrá otro cambio brusco de rutina.
«La vuelta a la normalidad puede ser lo deseable, pero será importante hacer la transición de forma planificada y sabiendo que puede haber dificultades».
Fuente : Elcorreo.com
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