Una preocupación constante de los padres con niños que tienen el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) son los problemas relacionados con la comunicación y las relaciones sociales, dos aspectos muy marcados para los cuales se presentan diversas terapias de ayuda.
Una de las que se habla mucho es la terapia LEGO. ¿En qué consiste y cuáles son sus beneficios?
La terapia LEGO es el resultado de investigaciones realizadas por el psicólogo estadounidense Daniel LeGoff y sus colegas del Centro de Investigación del Autismo de la Universidad de Cambridge.
Sus estudios han definido que la técnica mejora la motivación en los niños con TEA para establecer contacto con sus pares.
Funciones:
Así, se trata de una intervención que los padres pueden aplicarlo en casa reuniendo a otros niños de la misma condición. Se debe iniciar el juego en pareja o en grupo de tres.
Si se opta por el primero se reparte entre los niños las siguientes funciones: uno hace de “ingeniero” y el otro de “constructor”. Luego los roles se pueden invertir, así cada uno tiene la opción de encontrar la actividad que más le acomode. Al grupo de tres, se le agrega la función de “proveedor”.
El “ingeniero” describe las piezas necesarias para el proyecto y lo dirige, el “constructor” junta y ensambla la figura y el “proveedor” selecciona y abastece las piezas según requerimiento.
Como se aprecia el programa anima a los niños con TEA a comunicarse con sus compañeros de juego para lograr la construcción de la figura seleccionada.
Así, los beneficios de la terapia son varios: desarrolla las habilidades sociales, la colaboración, el lenguaje verbal y no verbal; a compartir y esperar turnos y, por último, a resolver problemas en conjunto.
Sesiones:
La recomendación es organizar una sesión por semana de unos 45 minutos. Se empieza con una introducción de 5 minutos, donde los niños se saludan, se conocen unos a otros, se reparte las funciones y se brinda información sobre las reglas de juego. Estas son:
- Construir cosas juntos
- Quien destruya el proyecto tiene que arreglarlo y pedir ayuda para solucionarlo
- Si alguien más está utilizando la pieza necesaria, no puedes arrebatársela, debes preguntar primero
- Hablar en un tono adecuado, sin gritos
- No poner piezas en la boca
- Usar palabras de cortesía
- Limpiar y ordenar
Casa sesión debe terminar con reunión final para compartir opiniones y creaciones, así como sugerir proyectos para futuras sesiones.
Rol de adulto
El adulto debe tener un papel de mediador ya que las emociones pueden estar presentes durante un proyecto de LEGO. Por lo general, habrá un niño que insiste en hacer las cosas de la manera solicitada, y otro al que le encantará probar cosas diferentes. El adulto debe apoyar las interacciones positivas, proporcionar soluciones intermedias e indicaciones cuando sea necesario y mantener al grupo en la tarea.
Extraído de Grupo Cidep y Aula Autista
fuente:https://imlaperu.com/habilidades-sociales/#:~:text=La%20terapia%20LEGO%20es%20el,establecer%20contacto%20con%20sus%20pares.
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