El síndrome de Asperger es un trastorno del desarrollo que se incluye dentro del espectro autista y que afecta la interacción social reciproca, la comunicación verbal y no verbal, una resistencia para aceptar el cambio, inflexibilidad del pensamiento así como poseer campos de interés estrechos y absorbentes.
Las personas con este síndrome son, generalmente, extremadamente buenos en las habilidades de memoria (hechos, figuras, fechas, épocas, etc.) muchos sobresalen en matemáticas y ciencia. Hay un rango en la severidad de síntomas dentro del síndrome, el niño muy levemente afectado resulta a menudo no diagnosticado y puede apenas parecer raro o excéntrico.
A pesar de que el síndrome de Asperger es mucho más común que otros tipos de autismos, sigue siendo una condición rara y pocas personas, incluyendo profesionales, saben sobre ella y mucho menos tienen experiencia contrastada.
Parece afectar más a muchachos que a muchachas (este aserto está hoy en día en plena discusión científica. Nota del editor). En términos generales encuentran dificultad en hacer amigos, no entienden las pistas sutiles necesarias para esto. Utilizan lenguaje en una manera levemente rara y toman a menudo significados literales de lo que leen u oyen. Son más felices con rutinas y un ambiente estructurado, cuando encuentran dificultad en decidir qué hacer caen en sus actividades preferidas. Aman la alabanza, ganar y ser primeros pero el fracaso, la imperfección y la crítica les resulta difícil de sobrellevar.
El mal comportamiento proviene a menudo de la inhabilidad para comunicar sus frustraciones y ansiedades. Necesitan amor, dulzura, cuidado, paciencia y comprensión. Dentro de este marco realizan grandes progresos.
Los niños/as con el síndrome de Asperger aparentan ser para la mayoría brillantes, felices y cariñosos. Si logramos penetrar en su «pequeño mundo propio» podremos ayudarle a incorporarse mejor en la sociedad.
Tienen necesidad de acabar las tareas que han comenzado. Pueden desarrollarse estrategias para reducir la tensión que experimentan en determinadas situaciones. Las advertencias de que una actividad debe terminar en x minutos puede ayudar con los más grandes.
A medida que algunos niños/as crecen, algunos problemas se resolverán con más facilidad, pero como con el resto de los niños los problemas existirán. Algunos adolescentes pueden sentir la carencia de amistades como algo difícil de afrontar ya que intentan con esfuerzo hacer amigos a su modo pero encuentran dificultad para conservarlos. Éste no es siempre el caso, muchos tienen amigos que actúan como «compinches» por largos períodos de tiempo. Las habilidades sociales tendrán que ser enseñadas con esfuerzo para que puedan encontrar un lugar en el mundo, así que aproveche todas las oportunidades para explicar situaciones en forma repetida….. y un día……. ¡puede que funcione!
Tenga en cuenta que los artículos tales como éste suelen detallar todos los problemas que se pueden encontrar dentro de un síndrome, pero esto no significa que todos los niños presentarán la totalidad de los problemas. Cada niño/a también tendrá diversos niveles de logros y de dificultades. Son, después de todo, apenas como los otros… ¡personas
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