AUTISMO SEGUN OMS
Datos y cifras
- El autismo –denominado también trastorno del espectro autista– constituye un grupo de afecciones diversas relacionadas con el desarrollo del cerebro.
- Las características pueden detectarse en la primera infancia, pero, a menudo, el autismo no se diagnostica hasta mucho más tarde.
- Aproximadamente uno de cada 100 niños tiene autismo.
- Las capacidades y las necesidades de las personas con autismo varían y pueden evolucionar con el tiempo. Aunque algunas personas con autismo pueden vivir de manera independiente, hay otras con discapacidades graves que necesitan constante atención y apoyo durante toda su vida.
- Las intervenciones psicosociales basadas en evidencias pueden mejorar las aptitudes sociales y para la comunicación, y tener un impacto positivo en el bienestar y la calidad de vida de las personas con autismo y de sus cuidadores.
- La atención a las personas con autismo debe ir acompañada de medidas en el ámbito comunitario y social para lograr mayor accesibilidad, inclusividad y apoyo.
Introducción
Los trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) son un grupo de afecciones diversas. Se caracterizan por algún grado de dificultad en la interacción social y la comunicación. Otras características que presentan son patrones atípicos de actividad y comportamiento; por ejemplo, dificultad para pasar de una actividad a otra, gran atención a los detalles y reacciones poco habituales a las sensaciones.
Las capacidades y las necesidades de las personas con autismo varían y pueden evolucionar con el tiempo. Aunque algunas personas con autismo pueden vivir de manera independiente, hay otras con discapacidades graves que necesitan constante atención y apoyo durante toda su vida. El autismo suele influir en la educación y las oportunidades de empleo. Además, impone exigencias considerables a las familias que prestan atención y apoyo. Las actitudes sociales y el nivel de apoyo prestado por las autoridades locales y nacionales son factores importantes que determinan la calidad de vida de las personas con autismo.
Las características del autismo pueden detectarse en la primera infancia, pero, a menudo, el autismo no se diagnostica hasta mucho más tarde.
Las personas con autismo presentan a menudo afecciones comórbidas, como epilepsia, depresión, ansiedad y trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad, y comportamientos problemáticos, como dificultad para dormir y autolesiones. El nivel intelectual varía mucho de un caso a otro, y va desde un deterioro profundo hasta casos con aptitudes cognitivas altas.
Epidemiología
Se calcula que, en todo el mundo, uno de cada 100 niños tiene autismo(1). Esta estimación representa una cifra media, pues la prevalencia observada varía considerablemente entre los distintos estudios. No obstante, en algunos estudios bien controlados se han registrado cifras notablemente mayores. La prevalencia del autismo en muchos países de ingresos bajos y medianos es hasta ahora desconocida.
Causas
La evidencia científica disponible indica la existencia de múltiples factores, entre ellos los genéticos y ambientales, que hacen más probable que un niño pueda tener autismo.
Los datos epidemiológicos disponibles demuestran de forma concluyente que no hay pruebas de una relación causal entre el autismo y la vacuna contra el sarampión, la parotiditis y la rubéola. Los estudios anteriores que señalaban una relación causal estaban plagados de errores metodológicos (2)(3).
Tampoco hay prueba alguna de que otras vacunas infantiles puedan aumentar el riesgo de autismo. Los exámenes de los datos sobre una posible asociación entre el riesgo de autismo y la presencia en las vacunas inactivadas del conservante tiomersal o de adyuvantes con aluminio han concluido firmemente que las vacunas no incrementan dicho riesgo.
Evaluación y atención
Desde la primera infancia y durante toda la vida, una amplia gama de intervenciones pueden optimizar el desarrollo, la salud, el bienestar y la calidad de vida de las personas con autismo. El acceso oportuno a intervenciones psicosociales tempranas basadas en las evidencias puede mejorar la capacidad de los niños con autismo para comunicarse eficazmente e interactuar socialmente. Se recomienda incluir el seguimiento del desarrollo infantil en la atención sistemática a la salud de la madre y el niño.
Una vez diagnosticado el autismo, es importante que se les ofrezca al niño o adolescente con autismo y a su familia información y servicios pertinentes, derivación a especialistas y ayudas prácticas de acuerdo con sus necesidades y preferencias y con la evolución de estas.
Las necesidades de atención de salud de las personas con autismo son complejas y requieren una serie de servicios integrados, que abarcan la promoción de la salud, la atención y la rehabilitación. Es importante la colaboración entre el sector de la salud y otros sectores, en particular los relacionados con la educación, el empleo y la asistencia social.
Las intervenciones dirigidas a las personas con autismo y otras discapacidades del desarrollo deben diseñarse y realizarse con la participación de personas que presenten esos trastornos. La atención debe ir acompañada de medidas en el ámbito comunitario y social para lograr mayor accesibilidad, inclusividad y apoyo.
Derechos humanos
Todas las personas, incluidas las que padecen autismo, tienen derecho al disfrute del más alto nivel posible de salud física y mental.
Sin embargo, las personas con autismo a menudo son objeto de estigmatización y discriminación, que incluye la privación injusta de atención de salud, educación y oportunidades para participar en sus comunidades.
Las personas con autismo tienen los mismos problemas de salud que el resto de la población, pero pueden tener además otras necesidades asistenciales especiales relacionadas con el autismo u otras afecciones comórbidas. Pueden ser más vulnerables a padecer enfermedades no trasmisibles crónicas debido a factores de riesgo como inactividad física o malas preferencias dietéticas, y corren mayor riesgo de sufrir violencia, lesiones y abusos.
Al igual que el resto de los individuos, las personas con autismo necesitan servicios de salud accesibles para sus necesidades de atención de salud generales, en particular servicios de promoción, prevención y tratamiento de enfermedades agudas y crónicas. Sin embargo, en comparación con el resto de la población, las personas con autismo tienen más necesidades de atención de salud desatendidas y son también más vulnerables en caso de emergencia humanitaria. Un obstáculo frecuente radica en los conocimientos insuficientes y las ideas equivocadas que tienen los proveedores de atención de salud sobre el autismo.
Resolución de la OMS sobre los trastornos del espectro autista
En mayo de 2014, la 67.ª Asamblea Mundial de la Salud adoptó la resolución titulada Medidas integrales y coordinadas para gestionar los trastornos del espectro autista, que contó con el apoyo de más de 60 países.
En la resolución se insta a la OMS a colaborar con los Estados Miembros y organismos asociados en el fortalecimiento de las capacidades nacionales para abordar los TEA y otros problemas del desarrollo.
Respuesta de la OMS
La OMS y sus asociados reconocen la necesidad de fortalecer la capacidad de los países para promover una salud y un bienestar óptimos para todas las personas con autismo.
Los esfuerzos de la OMS se centran en:
- aumentar el compromiso de los gobiernos con la adopción de medidas que mejoren la calidad de vida de las personas con autismo;
- proporcionar orientación sobre políticas y planes de acción que aborden el autismo en el marco más general de la salud, la salud mental y cerebral y las discapacidades;
- contribuir a fortalecer la capacidad del personal de salud para proporcionar una atención adecuada y eficaz a las personas con autismo y promover normas óptimas para su salud y bienestar; y
- fomentar los entornos inclusivos y favorables para las personas con autismo y otras discapacidades del desarrollo y prestar apoyo a sus cuidadores.
En el Plan de Acción Integral de la OMS sobre Salud Mental 2013–2030 y la resolución WHA73.10 de la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud sobre «Medidas mundiales contra la epilepsia y otros trastornos neurológicos» se hace un llamamiento a los países para que aborden las considerables deficiencias actuales en la detección temprana, atención, tratamiento y rehabilitación para los trastornos mentales y las alteraciones del desarrollo neurológico, entre los que se incluye el autismo. En la resolución se insta asimismo a los países a que aborden las necesidades sociales, económicas, educativas y en materia de inclusión, de las personas con trastornos mentales y otros trastornos neurológicos, así como de sus familias, y a que mejoren la vigilancia y la investigación pertinentes.
I absolutely love your blog and find many of your post’s to be just what I’m looking for. can you offer guest writers to write content for you personally? I wouldn’t mind publishing a post or elaborating on a few of the subjects you write concerning here. Again, awesome website!
La mayoría de las personas exitosas ya usan Robots. ¿Y tú? https://Bag.bode-roesch.de/Bag
Its superb as your other articles : D, thanks for posting. “You can’t have everything. Where would you put it” by Steven Wright.
I am so happy to read this. This is the kind of manual that needs to be given and not the random misinformation that is at the other blogs. Appreciate your sharing this best doc.
Thank you so much for providing individuals with an extremely brilliant possiblity to read articles and blog posts from this website. It’s usually very kind and full of a great time for me personally and my office colleagues to search your blog a minimum of thrice in 7 days to find out the new stuff you have got. And indeed, we’re at all times fulfilled with the great creative ideas served by you. Some 3 facts in this post are undeniably the simplest we have all ever had.
I?¦m no longer certain where you are getting your information, but good topic. I needs to spend some time studying more or figuring out more. Thanks for fantastic info I used to be looking for this info for my mission.
I do agree with all the ideas you’ve presented in your post. They’re really convincing and will certainly work. Still, the posts are very short for beginners. Could you please extend them a bit from next time? Thanks for the post.
Next time I read a blog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as much as this particular one. I mean, Yes, it was my choice to read through, but I really thought you would have something helpful to say. All I hear is a bunch of crying about something that you can fix if you were not too busy seeking attention.
Very good write-up. I certainly appreciate this website. Keep writing!
Hey I am so glad I found your weblog, I really found you by mistake, while I was browsing on Aol for something else, Regardless I am here now and would just like to say thank you for a incredible post and a all round entertaining blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to go through it all at the minute but I have saved it and also included your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read more, Please do keep up the awesome job.
Next time I read a blog, I hope that it does not fail me as much as this one. I mean, I know it was my choice to read, however I really thought you would have something useful to talk about. All I hear is a bunch of complaining about something you could possibly fix if you werent too busy searching for attention.
There is noticeably a bundle to know about this. I assume you made certain nice points in features also.
Hello just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The text in your post seem to be running off the screen in Chrome. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something to do with web browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The design and style look great though! Hope you get the problem solved soon. Thanks
You made some respectable factors there. I regarded on the web for the issue and found most individuals will go together with with your website.
Hey! Do you know if they make any plugins to assist with SEO? I’m trying to get my blog to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m not seeing very good gains. If you know of any please share. Many thanks!
Some really excellent information, Sword lily I discovered this. “To be conscious that we are perceiving or thinking is to be conscious of our own existence.” by Aristotle.
Hey there, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your website in Ie, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, excellent blog!|
Very great info can be found on site.
Great website! I am loving it!! Will come back again. I am taking your feeds also.
I like the helpful information you provide in your articles. I’ll bookmark your weblog and check again here frequently. I’m quite sure I will learn plenty of new stuff right here! Good luck for the next!
Wow, amazing blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you make blogging look easy. The overall look of your website is great, let alone the content!
Good day! Would you mind if I share your blog with my facebook group? There’s a lot of people that I think would really appreciate your content. Please let me know. Thanks
I like what you guys are up also. Such clever work and reporting! Keep up the excellent works guys I have incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my web site 🙂
Hey just wanted to give you a quick heads up and let you know a few of the pictures aren’t loading properly. I’m not sure why but I think its a linking issue. I’ve tried it in two different web browsers and both show the same outcome.
coursework geeks coursework planner coursework example coursework history
Some really nice and utilitarian info on this site, besides I conceive the layout contains good features.
Hello my friend! I want to say that this article is amazing, nice written and include almost all vital infos. I would like to see more posts like this.
so much superb info on here, : D.
free online dating dating sites without registering free online
adult dating site best dating websites free
F*ckin’ tremendous things here. I am very happy to look your post. Thanks a lot and i am having a look ahead to touch you. Will you kindly drop me a mail?
I am no longer certain the place you are getting your information, but great topic. I needs to spend some time finding out much more or understanding more. Thank you for excellent information I was looking for this information for my mission.
Just desire to say your article is as astonishing. The clarity
in your post is simply cool and i could assume you’re an expert on this
subject. Well with your permission allow me to grab your feed to keep updated with forthcoming post.
Thanks a million and please keep up the enjoyable work.
After going over a handful of the articles on your site, I really like your technique of blogging.
I book marked it to my bookmark webpage list and will be checking
back soon. Take a look at my website too and
tell me your opinion.
What’s up colleagues, how is everything, and what you would like to
say about this piece of writing, in my view its in fact remarkable
in support of me.
Hi there, always i used to check blog posts here early in the break of day, because i enjoy to learn more and more.
Hello there, just became aware of your blog through Google, and found that it is truly informative.
I’m going to watch out for brussels. I’ll appreciate if you continue
this in future. Numerous people will be benefited from your writing.
Cheers!
whoah this blog is fantastic i really like studying your articles.
Stay up the good work! You understand, many individuals are searching round for this info, you could help them greatly.
If some one desires to be updated with hottest technologies then he must be pay a
visit this web site and be up to date daily.
Thanks for another informative website. Where else could I am getting
that kind of information written in such a perfect approach?
I have a venture that I’m just now operating on, and I have been at the look out for
such info.
Simply want to say your article is as amazing. The clarity in your
post is simply nice and i can assume you’re an expert on this subject.
Fine with your permission allow me to grab your RSS feed to keep up
to date with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please continue the enjoyable work.
Hi there, yes this piece of writing is really
pleasant and I have learned lot of things from it about blogging.
thanks.
Currently it looks like BlogEngine is the preferred blogging platform out there right now.
(from what I’ve read) Is that what you’re using on your blog?
This information is worth everyone’s attention. When can I find
out more?
Very good written story. It will be beneficial to everyone who utilizes it, as well as me. Keep doing what you are doing – looking forward to more posts.
Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of any widgets I could add to my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter
updates. I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some
time and was hoping maybe you would have some experience with
something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything.
I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new updates.
Inspiring quest there. What occurred after? Take care!
Hiya! I know this is kinda off topic but I’d figured I’d ask.
Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest authoring
a blog article or vice-versa? My website addresses a lot
of the same topics as yours and I feel we could greatly benefit from each
other. If you’re interested feel free to shoot me an e-mail.
I look forward to hearing from you! Terrific blog by the way!
Woah! I’m really digging the template/theme of this blog.
It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s hard to get that “perfect balance” between usability and visual appeal.
I must say that you’ve done a superb job with this.
In addition, the blog loads extremely fast for me on Internet explorer.
Superb Blog!
Right here is the right site for anyone who would like to understand this topic. You realize so much its almost hard to argue with you (not that I personally would want to…HaHa). You certainly put a brand new spin on a topic which has been discussed for years. Great stuff, just great!
Very good info. Lucky me I found your website by chance (stumbleupon).
I’ve book marked it for later!
This is a topic that is near to my heart… Many thanks!
Exactly where are your contact details though?
Your style is unique compared to other folks I’ve read stuff from.
I appreciate you for posting when you’ve got the opportunity,
Guess I will just book mark this web site.
Hi there, always i used to check website posts here early in the
daylight, because i love to gain knowledge of more and more.
When I originally left a comment I appear to have clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now
every time a comment is added I get four emails with the exact same
comment. There has to be a means you are able to remove me from that service?
Many thanks!
Good day! Do you know if they make any plugins to protect against
hackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any recommendations?
When I initially commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get several
e-mails with the same comment. Is there any
way you can remove people from that service? Cheers!
Good post! We will be linking to this great article on our website.
Keep up the great writing.
Does your site have a contact page? I’m having trouble locating it but,
I’d like to send you an e-mail. I’ve got some recommendations for your blog you might
be interested in hearing. Either way, great website and
I look forward to seeing it grow over time.
I am sure this paragraph has touched all the internet
viewers, its really really nice article on building up new website.
I’m not that much of a internet reader to be honest but your sites really nice, keep it up!
I’ll go ahead and bookmark your site to come back later on. Many thanks
Very nice article, just what I was looking for.
Hi! I just wish to give you a huge thumbs up for your great information you have right here on this post. I am coming back to your blog for more soon.
Liam is a veteran in the on line slotts industry,
on each sides of the reels.
Feel free to visit my web-site; Slot Machine Online
Hello, I believe your website may be having web browser compatibility problems.
When I look at your blog in Safari, it looks fine however, when opening
in Internet Explorer, it’s got some overlapping issues.
I merely wanted to provide you with a quick heads up! Aside from that, fantastic blog!
Good day! Would you mind if I share your blog with my
facebook group? There’s a lot of folks that I think would really enjoy your content.
Please let me know. Thank you
However if you really feel up to it, follow this
simple as well as fast overview to enhance antenna function.
The Korean baseball league has an very uncomjon format for baseball.
Feel free to surf to my blog post: Sports betting in South Korea
I think this is among the most significant information for me.
And i’m glad reading your article. But should
remark on few general things, The website style is ideal, the articles is really nice : D.
Good job, cheers
Hey there! I just wish to offer you a huge thumbs up for the excellent info you
have right here on this post. I am returning to
your site for more soon.